生物柴油的生产技术

生物柴油的生产技术
梁　斌
(四川大学化工学院, 四川省多相流传质与化学反应工程重点实验室, 成都610065)
摘　要　综述了生物柴油生产的原料、催化剂和生产工艺等相关研究进展。介绍了生物柴油的生产几乎可以采
用所有的天然油脂作为原料, 原料的来源对其性质有一定的影响。目前生物柴油工业化生产工艺主要是均相的
酸、碱催化酯交换反应, 很多都是在常压、低温下进行。均相酸碱催化剂的优点是反应转化率高, 但是废催化
剂会带来环境问题。非均相催化剂和酶催化剂则是目前研究的热点, 固体碱、固定化酶等催化剂可以很容易从
反应产物中分离出来。高温高压技术、超临界技术等被用于酯交换反应过程, 反应可以在数分钟内完成。高速
乳化技术、超声技术及微波技术等反应强化手段可以改善酯交换过程中的传质过程, 有利于不完全互溶的醇油
两相进行反应。
关键词　生物柴油; 酯交换反应; 酸碱催化剂; 酶催化剂
中图分类号　TE 626124 ; TK 42819 　　　文献标识码　A 　　　文章编号　1000 6613 (2005) 06 0577 09
Manufacture Technologies of Biodiesel
L i ang B i n
(Laboratory of Multi phase Mass Transfer and Chemical Engineering , School of Chemical Engineering ,
Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065)
Abstract 　The article reviewed the progresses about materials , catalysts and production technologies of
biodiesel production. Biodiesel , derivated from natural oil and fat , is an environmental benign alternative of
fossil fuel production. The origin of oil/ fat influences , more or less , on the properties of biodiesel.
Transesterification is the standard method to manufacture biodiesel. Commercially used catalysts are
homogeneous acids or bases. Most of the processes operate under atmospheric pressure and moderate
temperature. They have rather high oil conversion. However , the seperation of waste catalysts brings about
some enviromental problems. More and more researches focused on heterogeneous catalysts and enzyme
catalysts. The heterogeneous catalysts can be easily separated from the product. Many new technologies ,
such as elevated temperature and pressure technique , supper critical technique , can greatly accelerate the
transesterification reaction of biodiesel production. The reaction can complete in few minites. Because the
reaction is conducted between two methanol/ oil phases , it can be significantly enhanced with high speed
shearing , ultrasounic and microwave techniques by improving the mass transfer.
Keywords 　biodiesel ; t ransesterification ; acid/ base catalyst ; enzyme catalyst

[ 本帖最后由 金栋 于 2008-6-20 09:01 编辑 ]